Consumer Cultures, Environmental Futures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Consumer Cultures, Environmental Futures - Essay Example Catfish is one of the types of fish that people consume, which differentiate the consumers along different lines of the economy, society and political differences. Through this differentiation, people have different perspectives of looking at the catfish both from the perspective they may have from the influence they have from their culture and social ties. The analysis of production and consumption of catfish will help in explaining the various reasons that make it a consumer product of a specific group of people within a society, which may mean a lot of structure formulation within a society. The analysis focuses on the sources of catfish and the places in which it is a common form of food while in some others; it could be a rare commodity (Tucker and Hargreaves, 2004, p.27). Catfish are popularly produced in different places in the world as one of the small-fish that people consume as food for their own and which they sell to a few people around their environment. However, researc h shows that production of small-fish in sector of fishing is an aquaculture that usually target different people who fall in the low economic classes in the society. In the economy, consumption of these small-fish is therefore, related to specific people in the country who could be a having similar general characteristic (Tucker and Hargreaves, 2004, p.39). Catfish is mostly common among the Vietnamese who invest in production of the organisms for food in different place in both large-scale and small-scale levels of the economy. This production is facilitated by the demand that is raised for the food that that has some contents of fish and the different levels of production of catfish through the aquaculture technology implies the different demanding issues that surround food fish production within the society. In this respect, when food fish demand increases, people have adopted various ways through which they can improve the amount of products they obtain from their investment. I n the Vietnamese culture, fish are highly regarded and therefore, people adopt aquaculture in order to meet the local demands as well as the needs of others that are away from the country. In the aquaculture for production of the catfish species of the fish, there are different factors that favour the production in the area, which motivate people to invest in the production as a mode of subsistence or as a commercial activity. In order to produce, people depend on different opportunities that the environment offers, which help people to exploit it for their benefit. In this respect, people have different ways through which they produce the catfish to the different market in Vietnam or away from the country. The most common factors that are important in determining the production of the catfish include the sources of water where the fish will grow, the availability of fingerlings that grow to be the mature catfish and the space that is available for people in to establish their produ ction and the aquaculture. In most cases, people who invest in aquaculture try to establish their production by varying the conditions in the condition of the environment to allow the production even in places that are not very favourable for production. This aquaculture in

The Contemporary American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Contemporary American Dream - Essay Example The development of suburbia ‘starts’ with a farewell to Rosie Riveter as transition from World War II to the suburbs of the 1950s. The female factory worker needed to be sucked back into the home to make way in the factories for the returning soldiers. This is brilliantly portrayed through the innovation of the television set, which played a large role in reinforcing to women the concept that their proper roles were those of wife and mother. Rosie is sucked into the screen, losing her wrench while the well-manicured lawns and white orderly house fronts of the suburbs can be seen below her as she is overwhelmed by the messages of TV advertisements and popular shows such as Leave it to Beaver. To be sure this point isn’t lost by the mural viewer, the stereotypical white suburban family can be seen standing behind the television. The rows of suburban houses are divided in the middle by a column of moving trucks, presumably bringing more blonde, blue-eyed suburban per fect families away from the distant city to the white-washed neighborhoods. Finally, a deep ditch separates these perfect neighborhoods from the poor, rural black people that pass by heading in the opposite direction in broken down cars and on bare feet heading into the city. They are allowed to look, but not to stop or stay. While the American Dream is being defined for and realized by the white people, the only hope of achieving it for the black people is to head into the inner city slums in the hopes of finding work.

Company Act 2013 Analysis

Company Act 2013 Analysis Introduction The awaited new company Act 2013 has replaced the 1956 Act with prime objective to counter the present day challenges and in line with rapid developments, integrations, globalisation of financial markets and growing economy of the world by Lok sabha on 18 Dec 12 and in Rajya sabha on 08 Aug 13, has been received Hon’ble president assent on 29 Aug 13. The new act emphasized changes and improvised governance structure business-friendly corporate regulations, modification of e-management, enforcement, share holder protection, enhanced accountability, improved institutional structure, enhanced disclosure norms, efficient merger acquision, introduce the role of whistle blowers, one Person Company, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) changes. The Companies Act, 2013 not only simplifies the mergers, acquisitions and restructuring process but also modifying the previous constraint, regulatory body like National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT)and facilitates an effective impact on w orld business environment. This paper is analysis of the Company Act 2013 regarding modification and new initiative taken in the field of MA framework and trying to prove that the new MA structure is in line with global context and in improving the efficiency and smoothness of doing business in India. Objectives The prime objective of this paper is to establish a healthy comparison between Companies Act, 2013 and Company Act 1956 regarding MA process. To evaluate the new initiative taken and its impact. To find out the possible measures or necessary step to overcome the existing lapses. Scope Scope of the study is limited to study the new regulation and mostly focusing on the new development of as per Company Act, 2013. Limitation The new Company Act, 2013 has become fully implemented from 01 Apr 2014. So the actual output and the consequences the corporate sector faced cannot be measured in this sort time horizon. Further the paper is based on the secondary data so the realistic situation may be different. Research Methodology This paper is an exploratory type research and based on the secondary data information from the following sources, Research journal available online, Article published in magazine news paper, various websites blogs, media reports and personal interaction interview of professional on media. Literature review Maximum references is taken from the ‘Company Act, 2013: Rules, Circulars Notifications’ published by Ministry of Corporate Affairs, India, which emphasise the all aspect of company rule regulation. Reports of various agencies like PWC, India’s report on ‘ Company Act,2013, Key highlights and analysis’, Nov 2013,Deloitte’s ‘Company Act, 2013, Fresh thinking for a new start’, Oct 2013, Assocham’s, ‘Mergers and acquisitions in the era of Company Act, 2013’ Feb 2014, Ernst Young LLP’s report on ‘India Inc Company Act 2013 an overview’, Sep 2013 and KPMG India’s analysis on ‘Company Act 2013, New Rules of the game’, Oct 2013, which were emphasise on the business friendly corporate regulation, improved CG norms, enhance accountability, raise levels of transparency and protect interest of investors. Development of Company Act The expedition of Companies Act, 2013 as follows: 2008  On 23rd October 2008, Companies Bill, 2008 was introduced in the Lok Sabha to replace existing Companies Act 1956. It is based on the recommendation of J.J. Irani committee 2012 The Companies Bill, 2012 was introduced and got its assent in the Lok Sabha on 18 December 2012. 2013 Companies Bill, 2012 was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 8th August, 2013. After having received the assent of the President of India on 29 August 2013, it has now become the much awaited Companies Act, 2013. The Act comprises of 29 chapters, 470 clauses 7 schedules. The key high lights of Company Act, 2013 are the extent of subordinated legislation. Which contain 300 references in the Act to rules which may be prescribed to implement and operational. New Initiative and changes: 1. Simplifying procedures for restructuring [section 230-232] To provide for a simpler and faster process of mergers and acquisitions, the new Company Act provides following initiative like: (a) Fast track merger[section 233]: In 2013 Act contains provisions that merger process between 2 or more ‘small companies’ and between a holding company and require approval of ROC, OL, members holding at least 90% of total number of shares and majority of creditors representing 9/10th in value. This will taking less in the High Court (NCLT under 2013 Act) process and will facilitate easy completion of the process. (b)Multilayer investment subsidiaries [section 186]: In 2013 Act One of the measures adopted to prevent money laundering and to ensure transparency is to restrict one’s ability to set up multiple investment companies. (c) Registered Valuers [section 247]: For valuation to be made in respect of any property, stocks, shares, debentures, securities, goodwill or other assets or of net-worth or liabilities under 2013 Act, will be done by a person registered with the Government as a valuer. Registered valuer shall be appointed by the audit committee. (d) Minority buy-out [section 236]: The New Act has introduced new 6 provisions relating to minority buy-back which will provide greater flexibility to the promoters/ acquirer in realigning the control and management. The key provisions like purchasing capacity of share holder having more than 90% holding, act under the SEBI Regulations, price determined by a registered and provision of delisting guideline etc. 2. Outbound merger: 2013 Act introduced provision for an Indian company to be merged with a foreign company and vice versa which will require prior approval of RBI under FEMA rule. 3. New types of companies permitted: One person company (OPC) whose paid-up share capital does not exceed INR 0.5 crore or whose turn over does not exceed INR 2 crore would be a private company. These companies enjoy more choices and flexibility. 4. Objection by minority: Objection to the compromise or arrangement can be made only by persons holding not less than 10% of the shareholding or having outstanding debt of not less than 5% of total outstanding debt as per the latest audited balance sheet which will save the companies from being dragged in long drawn court (NCLT under 2013 Act) process by minority holders who is holding even single share. Threshold will ensure that merger / demerger etc. process moves smoothly and swiftly in accordance with the law. 5. Postal Ballot Voting by Postal ballot through post / electronic mode is made applicable to all companies. 6. Buy-back of securities To provide to shareholder in a joint venture an exit in a tax efficient manner or to reward shareholders Buy-back of security has often been used. Under 1956 Act, it is possible to carry out more than 1 buy-back in a financial year as long as conditions were complied with. 2013 Act has restricted the ability of a company to do multiple buy-backs of securities. 7. Other changes: Approval threshold i.e. Compromise or arrangement would require approval by a majority representing 3/4th in value of the creditors and members. The scheme of compromise and arrangement need to be compliant with the Accounting Standards and Auditor’s Certificate to that effect needs to be filed with NCLT in accounting treatment. Valuation report to be given to shareholders / creditors along with notice convening meeting for a compromise or arrangement. The notice for compromise or arrangement need to be given to CG, Income tax, RBI, SEBI, Stock exchanges, ROC, OL, CCI, if necessary, and other sectoral regulators / authorities, to enable them to make representations. Participation and resolution for compromise or arrangement need to be passed through Postal ballot. Treasury stock: Holding of shares in its own name or in the name of trust whether through subsidiary or associate companies by the transferee company as a result of the compromise or arrangement will not be allowed and any such shares shall be cancelled / extinguished. Takeover Offer may be included as a part of compromise and arrangement in the manner as may be prescribed in rules issued by SEBI. Merger of listed into unlisted company: In case of compromise / arrangement between a listed transferor company and an unlisted transferee company, NCLT may provide that the transferee Dispensation of meeting of creditors: Meeting of creditors can be dispensed only if 90% of the creditors in value agree to the scheme by way of affidavit. Combining authorized capital on amalgamation Minority shareholders Exit route: After passing resolutions at board meeting and not by circular resolution, the proposal of amalgamation, merger or reconstruction can be considered and approved by Board of directors only by The scheme of compromise or arrangement shall clearly indicate only one appointed date from which date the scheme shall be effective not at a date subsequent to the appointed date Capital reduction will require approval of NCLT. Comparison analysis: 1. For outbound cross-border deals The Companies Act, 1956 does not permit. The Companies Act, 2013 allows, subject to RBI approval, both inbound and outbound cross border mergers and amalgamations between Indian and foreign companies. 2. The Companies Act, 2013 states that an application need for the Tribunal to make compromise or arrangement involving CDR, with matters like (a) A report by the auditors of the company about fund requirements after the CDR will conform to a liquidity test (b) A valuation report in respect of the shares and the property and all assets, tangible and intangible, movable and immovable, of the company by a registered valuer. The Companies Act, 1956 does not contain any specific provision regarding a high court approval of a CDR scheme 3. Under the Companies Act, 2013, the Tribunal will not sanction a scheme of capital reduction, merger, acquisition or other arrangement unless the accounting treatment prescribed in the scheme is in compliance with notified AS and a certificate to that affect by the company’s auditor has been filed with the Tribunal. Currently, SEBI has done this job. 4. The Companies Act, 1956 does not prohibit companies from creating treasury shares under the scheme. The Companies Act, 2013 prohibits such practices. 5. The Companies Act, 2013 clarifies that the merger of a listed company into an unlisted company will not automatically result in the listing of the transferee company. There are no such provisions under the Companies Act, 1956. 6. Under the existing Companies Act, 1956 any shareholder, creditor or other interested person can raise objection. However, under the Companies Act, 2013, only persons holding not less than 10% of the shareholding or having outstanding debt not less than 5% of the total outstanding debt, can raise objections to the scheme. 7. The Companies Act, 2013 empowers the Tribunal to dispense meeting of creditors if 90% or more of such creditors or class of creditors (in value terms) agree to scheme through affidavit. Though the Companies Act, 1956 does not provide such action. 8. Under the Companies Act, 1956 the terms â€Å"undertaking† and â€Å"substantially the whole of undertaking† are not explicitly defined. Under the Companies Act, 2013 provide the specific definitions of above. 9. The Companies Act, 2013 prohibits a company from making investments through more than two layers of investment companies subject to certain exceptions. There is no such restriction under the Companies Act, 1956. 10. The Companies Act, 2013 includes specific provisions requiring the company to send a notice of the scheme inviting objections/suggestions from inter alia the Income tax authorities, RBI, Competition Commission of India and such other sectoral regulators or authorities likely to be affected by the scheme. Currently, the Companies Act, 1956 does not require such notification to regulators/authorities. 11. The Companies Act, 1956 does not have specific entrenchment provisions (akin to veto rights). However, the Companies Act, 2013 stipulates that the articles of the company can include entrenchment clauses. 12. The Companies Act, 2013 also includes specific provision stating that contracts or arrangement between two or more persons as regards share transfer be enforceable as contracts. There are no such specific provisions under the existing Companies Act, 1956. 13. Under the Companies Act, 1956 preference shares are mandatorily redeemable within a period of 20 years. However, the Companies Act, 2013 will permit companies with infrastructure projects to issue preference shares, which are redeemable beyond 20 years, 14. The Companies Act, 2013 introduces the well-recognized internationally concept of class action suits in India Steps for improvement To improve and to make efficient the MA regulation, there needs to be address the interests of wider stakeholders including financial institutions, minority stake holders, employees, customers, vendors, regulators and the society at large. Effective system having following points Effective, diversified and independent board that is able to challenge management on its strategic choices Clearly defined roles for board and management Constructive board meetings Robust monitoring of business performance Management assurance like management controls, internal and external audit Openness and transparency in dealings with stakeholders A constant effort to improve accountability and drive better performance by focusing on the most substantive issues The ability of the board and management to work together in defining the optimum business model for success The ability to identify, access and manage emerging risks Conclusion With rapidly changed global environment, there is a requirement for adopting and sustaining good Governance practices for value creations and building corporations of the future which contains the measures practices regarding merger acquisition fast track process, protection of shareholders interest etc. The Companies Act, 2013, adds robust and progressive new provisions with investor-friendly regulation and also retains the old provisions. The 2013 Act features some new provisions in the area of mergers and acquisitions, apart from the existing provisions by simplifying and rationalising the procedures involved and ensuring higher accountability for the company. It is definitely take some time for implementation from which we can derive further more relevant information and result of company act. There are some part of this act which is still need to be relooked but overall while compare with other globally accepted company law like Japanese model, European model and American Anglo -Saxon model. Whereas no model/rule/regulation are perfect and better but the initiative taken for improvement must be considered as the first step towards growth and flourishing keeping the view of current changing scenario.

Lord of the Flies Essay -- Literary Analysis, William Golding

Nature or nurture? A question frequently asked but hard to answer or prove. This is where William Golding steps in. He writes a novel about a group of schoolboys stranded on an island, fighting to survive. Instead of acting how they have been taught by society, they turn into a disaster, breaking up into separate groups, having celebrations to hunt pig, and killing each other. In Lord of the Flies, William Golding, inspired by The Coral Island and Paradise Lost, shows the true nature of human beings in a society created by children. The novel, Lord of the Flies, comes from William Golding’s personal experiences. In 1953, Golding asked his wife, Ann, if she thought it would be a good idea if he wrote a book about the mess boys with no parents would make on an island. She responded that she liked the idea, so Golding sat down and started writing his first novel (Tiger 22). As he started writing this novel, Golding remembered when he had served in the Royal Army during World War II. Those five years taught Golding what humans were actually capable and willing to do. They are also responsible for first interesting him in the evil within humans and barbarism (â€Å"Golding†). Although Golding got many of his themes from what he had witnessed, he also based his plot from a few of his previous readings. Lord of the Flies is considered to be William Golding’s response to R.M. Ballantyne’s, The Coral Island. Like Lord of the Flies, Ballantyne’s novel is based on a group of boys who get shipwrecked and end up stranded on a coral reef island. Although, in The Coral Island the boys make the best of the situation they are in and lead a happy, organized life. Golding calls his novel a â€Å"kind of black mass or realistic view of the situation† (Bu... ... ignoring his other ones. In response to this, Golding wrote the essay â€Å"Fable† to answer questions he received constantly (Wood 316). The book also â€Å"inspired two films, was translated into 26 languages, sold millions of copies, and became a standard on college and high school reading lists† (Lambert 317). Moreover, Nigel Williams, an actor produced a theatrical adoption from the book. The title of the novel was even used to name the killing or mass murder of children (Tiger 23). To sum it all up, in Lord of the Flies, William Golding shows that he believes in nature over nurture. Although his novel did receive negative reviews, it turned out to be a very successful novel. Lord of the Flies continues to be famous and studied world-wide. His wording, themes, realistic views, symbolism and writing overall continue to attract and interest more readers to his writing.

Navajo Religion

Curiously, the Navajo peoples have no word In their language that can be directly translated to â€Å"religion†, In the way we perceive It (Woman 536). Rather, the term ‘religion' refers to their world view. Anthropologists define religion as a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices dealing with supernatural powers. The Navajo do not divide the secular from the holy; life and religion are one in the same. The Dine religion has a deep connection with the supernatural. Gods, spirits, monsters, and other supernatural beings play a large part of their everyday life.Din Dinned, or the â€Å"Holy People†, are viewed as gods by the Navajo. The term used for the deities does not Imply that these are virtuous gods, but that they are powerful and dangerous. It is considered the duty of humans to preserve a harmonious connection with the Holy People (Woman 539). The Navajo are polytheistic; however the Changing Woman is possibly the most cherished deity. Her twin sons, Mon ster Slayer and Born For Water, their father the Sun, and her make up some sort of â€Å"Holy Family† which is often seen in myth and ritual (Woman 539).There can be confusion about which Din Dinned appears In certain myths and rituals because different Ames are occasionally used to represent the same deity (Woman 539), The Navajo have a heavy sense of animism, which is the belief in spirits. Nearly everything in the universe contains a human-like inner form Ones). This inner-form is very similar to the concept of a soul. Aside from natural phenomena, such as mountains and plants, material objects such as arrowheads can even contain this in-lying â€Å"soul† (Woman 539). However, death and ghosts are greatly feared In their society (Nonfood-Grimm 1801).The dead are burled promptly without any accompaniment of a public ceremony. (Adams 253). To keep the deceased from returning, all of their possessions would be destroyed or rendered useless. This would be done so person al belongings would follow the deceased into the afterlife, therefore, keeping them happy and giving them no reason to return (Inform-Grimm 1801 ). The Holy People and spirits are central to Navajo life. Monsters plague their peripheral existence. Monsters may help explain a disastrous situation every now and then, such as The Monster Who Kicks People Down the Cliff, but It Is not something one would come across every day.Because of the Navajo everyday connection with the preternatural, myth plays an important role in day-to-day activities. Most myths discuss how things came to be, such as how humans came about. The creation myth of the Navajo describes the four worlds the Din Dinned passed through before creating the first earth surface people, known as First Man and First Woman, in the fifth world (Martinez 35). Myth also has a direct link to ceremonies and rituals the Navajo perform. The Changing Woman influences a very important rite of passage for girls who reach puberty. It is said the Changing Woman grew from infancy to maturity in four days.To honor this myth, upon a girl's first menstruation cycle, she partakes in a ritual known as the Kendal. The Kendal is a four day ceremony which begins with a blessings chant, and finishes with the young woman blessing a number of small children by lifting them, and killings their heads. TLS Is done so â€Å"their bodies grow There are few ceremonies, however, that mark a life-change. The Navajo see seven stages in life, however only three are recognized through ceremony. The first is at birth, where both the mother and child are washed, chanted over and sprinkled tit pollen to protect them from evil.The second applies only to girls, as it is the puberty ceremony discussed above. There is no puberty ceremony for boys. The third would be marriage. A brief blessings chant would take place, followed by a feast for family and friends (Inform-Grimm 1800). Most Navajo ceremonies and rituals focus on restoring â€Å"h ¶GHz ¶Ã¢â‚¬  or universal balance and harmony Cones 337). This is most often done through ceremonials. Ceremonies are often held in a Hogan (a house, or building) in a group setting (Woman 537). Ceremonies can employ multiple types of ritual.Offerings are sometimes made to the Din Dinned to attract attention and obligate their assistance. Another common practice is a sort of a sacred meal. Pollen is often consumed in addition to prayer. This is because pollen is personified as Corn Pollen Boy and his cohort Corn Beetle Girl, who together represent fertility, life, and happiness. Perhaps the most common form of ritual found in the Navajo religion is prayer. Prayer is often seen in the form of chants, and songs (Woman 541). All of these rituals can be combined to maximize the chance of contact with the supernatural.The Navajo interesting view of the inner-form make the sacred aspect of religion interesting. Because nearly all things in the universe have this human-like inner form, whether it be one of the four cardinal directions or a Din dinned, there is no clear separation of sacred and profane (Woman 539). As mentioned earlier, the main duty of man is to preserve a harmonious relationship with the Holy People. A person may rely on this relationship for healing, or for good fortune in the future. Ceremonies are rarely ever done in a private setting. Even in a girl's Kendal Rooney, the various segments are done with others.During the Kendal, it is customary for the young woman to race, in honor of the run the Changing Woman took towards the dawn. The subject of the ceremony races with other girls her age (Inform-Grimm 1800). The beliefs of the Navajo also easily fulfill both the intellectual and psychological needs of the society. Because of their strong belief in the supernatural, natural phenomena can easily be explained. When one falls ill, it can often be blamed upon a ghost or possibly improper contact with a Din Dinned. This is a very simple explanati on for why negative experiences may occur.One can find relief from these tragedies by expecting a cure from a ceremony (Woman 537). The major religious practitioner in the Dine society is called a singer. Singers are full time specialists who dedicate themselves to learning one or two major chanteys (Woman 538). A chantey is essentially a ceremony. However, the ceremonies performed by the Navajo are often long and drawn out, lasting two, three, five, or even nine nights (Adams 252). Singers spend years studying a single chantey with an older expert, who receives gifts from their apprentices as payment.Singers hold very high status and sometimes act as informal leaders in their communities (Woman 538). Because they are able to have full-time religious specialists, the Navajo religion religious practitioners, as well as group prayer, which is all present with the Dine. Religion plays a key role in the everyday life of the Navajo peoples. Their world view is evident through their belie fs and actions. The Dine views provide the society with important values and ideas. The use of religion by the Navajo gives an example of how a society can be positively affected by a unique belief system.

Cinderella: Difference and German Story Essay

Cinderella and Ashputtle are two different stories based on the same plot. Ashputtle is a German story, and Cinderella is from France. From what one can tell from reading the two versions, these two countries are able to produce very different styles of writing. The stories Ashputtle and Cinderella are very similar in plot, yet the details are very different in multiple ways. The German story, Ashputtle, is a much harsher story. Ashputtle contains more blood and revenge, and has a darker theme to it. In this story, Ashputtle’s father seems to ignore her and not care very much about her. Also in Ashputtle, at the end of the story, the stepsisters’ eyes were plucked out by birds, as a punishment for how the acted. The blood scenes occur when the two stepsisters cut off parts of their feet to attempt to fit into the glass slipper, and shortly later the prince realizes what is wrong and brings them back to their home. The French version of the story, Cinderella, is written in a lighter tone. Instead of being filled with vengeance and blood, it is more of a peaceful theme, and nothing really happens to the stepsisters at the end of the story. In Cinderella, her father still cares very much about her and loves her, yet he is overruled by his wife, Cinderella’s stepmother. Another difference in Cinderella is that there is a fairy godmother, while in Ashputtle, the girl goes out to her mother’s grave to pray and the animals come out to help her. There are several ways in which the stories are similar. The two stories obviously have very similar plots, and the protagonists have the same personality and traits. Most of the characters in Ashputtle reflect their corresponding characters in Cinderella, such as the stepsisters and the prince. Both the stories are based on the fairy tale of a nice girl who is poorly treated, but then she ends up living happily ever after with a handsome prince. The stories have the wicked stepmother and stepsisters who treat the girl badly. The girl ends up going to the ball and she is considered the most beautiful girl there, yet nobody recognizes her. The prince meets her and is amazed by her beauty and kindness, and he wishes to marry her. Animals also play an important part in both of the stories, as they help out the protagonist in going to the ball. Although the two versions of the story are quite different, many key similarities can clearly be seen between the two. The differences also show how two very different cultures can produce the same story in their own ways. Today, the story has become international, and it could be interesting to see how other cultures may write their own versions. This same situation occurs with many other tales, such as Snow White or Sleeping Beauty. Of course, differences are always found, yet the key similarities are a way to link the different versions.

Does the Fourth Amendment Work essays

Does the Fourth Amendment Work essays Does the Fourth Amendment Work? The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America arguably has to be one of the most misused, misguided, and misunderstood laws ever written It was adopted as protection against unreasonable searches and seizures being experienced by American colonists. Writs of assistance gave royal officials the right to conduct searches of the homes of private citizens. It was their way of discovering violations of British customs laws. The Fourth Amendment was a protection against this invasion of privacy. (Fourth Amendment-Why it Was Created) The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized. (Corwin,1978, pg 341) Written over two hundred years ago, this amendment still protects us today. Or does it? Are our Fourth Amendment rights being upheld, or are we being denied their protection in a world that has become too technologically advanced? Television would have you believe that a warrant is in hand before every search, peoples privacy is respected, and unlawful arrests are not made, but what about in the real world? Growing concerns regarding crime and public safety have forced our Courts to balance the privacy rights of the Constitution with the needs of law enforcement officers Ball 2 who investigate and arrest dangerous criminals. The Constitutions ban against unreasonable searches and seizures has been reduced in recent years and adapted to fit the needs of modern law enforcement. (Corwin, 1978, pgs 342-343) Danny Kyllo was sentenced to more than five years in prison for growing marijuana inside his home. How did the police know he was growin...

Actions vs. Words Essay Example

Actions vs. Words Essay Example Actions vs. Words Essay Actions vs. Words Essay Abstract There are various types of communication, the most common form of communication is verbal. Verbal communication is used on a daily basis, but there is non-verbal communication that could contradict the words being stated or written. In this paper, I will examine such contradictions in verbal and non-verbal communication in my office. I will also examine various types of listening skills important for deciphering non-verbal communication. Non-verbal Communication – Actions vs. Words Verbal communication is very important in the business world, but it is often the non-verbal language that accompanies the verbal communication that determines what is taken from the conversation. A person may verbally confirm that they are fine with a situation, but their non-verbal communication (body language) may convey otherwise. Concept To Promotion is typically a very smooth running organization, there are very conflicts among the team members. There is also limited opportunity for discipline. I was recently included in a meeting in which two team members were being reprimanded for a conflict that had been handled poorly. These two individuals have dominant personalities, which means that they both want to be in charge of the assigned task, which led to conflict among the team. The meeting included the company president, the human resource director, the individuals involved and myself. I was asked to the meeting as I am the warehouse supervisor and one of the individuals involved was a warehouse employee. These employees each thought that the work should be performed according to their own schedules without regard to the requirements of the company. The specific task assigned was a direct mailing for a large electronic corporation. According to USPS and UPS standards shipments will not be accepted for next day delivery after 5 P. M. on normal business days excluding holidays. The individual in charge of the project was to process the file, print labels and postage for the mailing. The warehouse employee was to pull the mailings and apply the labels to them in time for them to ship. The file was not being processed in a timely fashion and causing the warehouse employee to rush and still not be able to meet the deadlines. During the meeting each person was addressed individually in regards to their behavioral choices and interaction within the team. Both individuals indicated verbally that they understood the situation and how the disagreement should have been handled. I did however observe one individual rolling her eyes and crossing her arms, which indicated to me that she felt that the meeting was a waste of her time because the other individual was clearly at fault for the situation. This particular individual did not take criticism well and was offended by the conversation in the meeting. I am sorry to say that this particular individual did not take what was said to heart and was fired due to repeat issues. I believe that if this individual were pulled into a private conversation with her manager or the president regarding her non-verbal communication during the meeting and been assured that this was a serious situation. Her manager should have confirmed that this type of behavior would not be tolerated and if continued it could lead to termination. This individual would have greatly benefitted from direct communication in which the seriousness of the situation was laid out in clear terms, which could leave no room for interpretation. Listening skills are also important when interacting in a business environment. A manager must be able to not only listen to verbal communication, but non-verbal communication as well. This would help to ensure that situations such as the one outlined above be avoided. If the individual’s manager had picked up one her body language during the meeting the situation could have been dealt with more effectively. Managers should be taught how to listen to non-verbal communication such as body language, facial expression and attire in order to effectively manage subordinates. It is very important that managers pay close attention to a subordinate’s non-verbal communication in any situation, but especially in a discipline setting. By addressing non-verbal communication as well as the issue at the same time a manager can be assured that the individual understands how serious the situation is and how to handle future situations to ensure that there will be no further discipline required. Communication when dealing with subordinates should include mainly words with denotative meanings. This will help the manager be certain that the individual understands what is expected and these expectations will be met.

Ideal Gas Law Worked Chemistry Examples

Ideal Gas Law Worked Chemistry Examples You may wish to refer to the General Properties of Gases to review concepts and formulae related to ideal gasses. Ideal Gas Law Problem #1 Problem A hydrogen gas thermometer is found to have a volume of 100.0 cm3 when placed in an ice-water bath at 0 °C. When the same thermometer is immersed in boiling liquid chlorine, the volume of hydrogen at the same pressure is found to be 87.2 cm3. What is the temperature of the boiling point of chlorine? Solution For hydrogen, PV nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. Initially: P1 P, V1 100 cm3, n1 n, T1 0 273 273 K PV1 nRT1 Finally: P2 P, V2 87.2 cm3, n2 n, T2 ? PV2 nRT2 Note that P, n, and R are the same. Therefore, the equations may be rewritten: P/nR T1/V1 T2/V2 and T2 V2T1/V1 Plugging in the values we know: T2 87.2 cm3 x 273 K / 100.0 cm3 T2 238 K Answer 238 K (which could also be written as -35 °C) Ideal Gas Law Problem #2 Problem 2.50 g of XeF4  gas is placed into an evacuated  3.00 liter  container at 80 °C. What is the pressure in the container? Solution PV nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the  number  of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. P?V 3.00 litersn 2.50 g XeF4  x 1 mol/ 207.3 g XeF4   0.0121 molR 0.0821 l ·atm/(mol ·K)T 273 80 353 K Plugging in these values: P nRT/V P 00121 mol x 0.0821 l ·atm/(mol ·K) x 353 K / 3.00 liter P 0.117 atm Answer 0.117 atm

Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Decision - Essay Example These places on the web are full of information for students, faculty and potential students. In addition to housing information about current events or application procedures, the university web site attempts to present a certain image about the school. In marketing, this would be called branding. Universities try very hard to convince potential students that they can expect specific opportunities and live a certain lifestyle if they attend this university. In this way, college web sites have become increasingly influential in attracting prospective students to individual schools. A great way to see how this is done and whether it is done well is to compare the web sites of two different universities. In this activity, Penn State University and Stanford University are compared and contrasted. The Penn State University web site is adorned in blue and white, the school colors. The first impression I have when looking at their web site is that it is not very visually appealing. The blu e background seems to overpower the rest of the page. The images are poorly done as well. Visually, the photographs used are simply photos of people not doing particularly interesting things. There is the image of two individuals standing in a laboratory, an image of a white kid standing neck to a man dressed in some sort of traditional dress and other photos of graduate and undergraduate students. The images are given very little context, other than a heading above each that seems to shout â€Å"Research† and â€Å"Global†. They are also tagged with captions that seem a bit insipid, such as, â€Å"How can research improve our lives and communities?† Anyone contemplating college should already have some answers to this question, so the reader is not inclined to click on the link to find out more. What is nice about the Penn State University web site is the clean design and the ease of finding the most useful information. Key links are found in a neat column that flanks the right side of the photomontage. These include links to lists of campuses, a visitors guide and new student information. Below the photo montage there is a horizontal band of links to information for professionals concerning jobs and the faculty portal. Immediately below this, a search window is prominently displayed. Overall, the layout sends the message for the university that this wed site is a tool that you can use to access information. The utility of the web site seems to be of utmost importance to the designers, because it is not a very visually attractive or stimulating website in any way. One of the amazing things about the web and school web sites it their ability to change and evolve. I insert this paragraph here, because the Penn State site has actually changed since I have begun researching these two universities. The Penn State site is now much more visually appealing, having combined all of the photographs into a scrolling sequence window. Some of the photo s are the same, so they are still not particularly intriguing or interesting, but they work better on the screen one at a time. This gives the photo a better context. The sequencer also breaks up the monotony of just having half a dozen photos of people staring into the camera lens. This new design is a great improvement over the original page I saw on the Penn State site yesterday. The Stanford web site is more visually appealing than the Penn State site, even with the improvements. A beautiful photo of historical actors is accompanied by a headline stating, â€Å"Picture Jasper Ridge: Biological Preserve Provides Unique Space for Performance Piece.† This photo and headline makes me want to learn more. I find myself asking questions about Jasper Ridge and the nature of the performance that is going to take

Planning Phase of the Jalupa Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planning Phase of the Jalupa Company - Case Study Example The cause of action is to generate a decent investment that will see the strategy take off for the next 5 years. The facts that support this problem definition are that Kaluga has already created a JalupaBook that will see it reap higher returns. Another fact is that the margins will remain without having to split them into other costs. Â  The future of the Kaluga solution is that will attract more clients from different age groups in a bid to keep the margins constant. This is because it will incorporate different technological advancements to control its market share. I want the new system to bring together users with different musical instrument requirements to interact and share their experiences. Â  Dave D, who is the Marketing Group Vice President, is the individual who has shown interest in the outcome of the project. He is the best person for the project because of his vast experience in the industry, political connections, and expertise in musical instrument marketing. Â  This initiative shall start in 5 years time because of impending considerations of sourcing for funds and sponsorships. The prevalence of e-marketing and social media are the internal or external events that take place to justify the date to be the perfect one. Â  The completion date shall be 2020 because the JalugaBook shall have gained prominence among the new users and advertisers. This is the best date because all stakeholders will have understood the significance of conducting online businesses. Â  There are a number of risks that the management fears might affect their planning strategies. For instance, the operational fear is the creation of JalugaBook since this is the organization’s first project in this field of online commerce. As a result, it might prove difficult to attract consumers and advertisers because some of them may not be comfortable conducting online business.

Literature Review for Research Proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature Review for Proposal - Research Paper Example The researcher attempts to carry out this research thoroughly, to examine as many dimensions of this methodology as feasible and necessary. For this purpose, the literature review will cover all the aspects of CALL stated above. Finally, the review will examine the different contexts where the researcher could carry out the necessary research in the most beneficial way. This brief review aims to discuss the existence of CALL and the development that it has undergone in the field of language learning, as well as the teaching. It will not describe the basic features of CALL again, since the introduction of this research proposal has already shed some light on that. According to research, CALL used to focus on disciplines like artificial intelligence, computer science, and psychology. Currently, however, researchers have observed its development in the area of language teaching and learning. CALL first became popular in the field of language learning when it was a major tool in Computer -Assisted Instruction (CAI), which is when computers are used as instructional tools to fulfill the requirements of the student group (Ruffin, 2000). There is a one-line definition of CALL states earlier in the proposal. However, other experts still argue over the different interpretations of this term and this debate is especially relevant to the role of CALL in the field of language learning and teaching. There are several other terms for CALL as well, for example ‘Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL), Computer-Enhanced Language Learning (CELL), Web Enhanced Learning Language (WELL), Intelligent Computer Assisted Language Learning (ICALL), and Computer-Medicated Communication (CMC)’ (Johnson, 2008). Apart from the debate, which exists on the actual term itself, there is also another debate related to the history of CALL, about its origins and development. One side of the debate believes that CALL has been in existence since the 1940s, after World War II (Johnson, 2008). O thers, however, believe that the Americans made the first use of CALL or CAI, in the 1950s. Furthermore, Chapelle suggests that the use of this methodology in language learning and teaching did not begin until the 1960s. Even then, he specifies that they did not use it commonly in the face of necessity. Instead, it was only as a luxury, which was not part of ordinary classrooms, but used for a specific learning group. In addition, some experts also add, perhaps as a way of explanation for this, that there were a very few teachers present until the 1970s who were computer literate, only they were able to fully implement the use of CALL in their classrooms (Ruffin, 2000). Research shows that the Americans first implemented CALL in Stanford University’s Mathematical Institute (Swarbrick, 2002). Experts (Swarbrick, 2002) recognized it very early for its efficiency and benefits, and realized the importance of its development and emergence. However, due to its requirement of expens ive technological equipment, it was not used in classrooms until a lot later. For instance, ‘EVDAC’ (Swarbrick, 2002), the first computer in the 1960s has the price of over half a million dollars. In the 1980s, this price had gone down, but not by much, as the Model 30

Victim Assistance Office and Organizational Structure Assignment

Victim Assistance Office and Organizational Structure - Assignment Example In addition, the services to be offered in the office will be discussed. Other aspects to be analyzed include associate agencies necessary for the success of the office, outreach programs, and how to seek and receive funds. The office will have three posts including Prosecuting Attorney, Chief Assistant, Counselor and an Office Administrator. The Prosecuting Attorney must have a law degree from the internationally accredited university. The Prosecuting Attorney will be the overall manager of the office and will thus be in charge of the affairs of the victims. Secondly, the Chief Assistant, who is subordinate to the Prosecuting Attorney, must also have a law degree from the internationally accredited university. The Prosecuting Attorney will work in collaboration with the Chief Assistant in meeting the objectives of the office. Finally, the office administrator will be in charge of administrative duties at the office such as handling of victim records and correspondence. Counseling services will be provided by the Counselor. Associate agencies will include police departments. The police will help the office in ensuring that suspects are arrested. In addition, the police, especially the FBI, will help victims to carry out investigations. Community organizations will also help the office in ensuring that crime victims are assisted in coming up with the challenges that affect them. The victim assistance office main aim will be to provide direct assistance to individuals who have been affected by criminal activities. The counselor will ensure that the traumatized, as well as, confused victims are assisted. After counseling, the prosecuting attorney will be required to provide referrals to effective agencies that will help the victim in understanding the justice system. In the current society, there is still lack of knowledge on what should happen after crimes have been committed (Doyle, 2008). The victim assistance office will help  in creating and disseminating understandable information to crime victims.  

Protech Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Protech Business Plan - Essay Example Please refer to annexure 4 for more details on the financial situation. Currently, Protech has 2 brands for different segments. The PC industry is at the stage where demand is expected to boom at an unprecedented rate. Market is very attractive because products are just being introduced. Furthermore, there are so many new technologies and the need for new PCs is always increasing. There are so many strengths that we need to leverage on, and so many opportunities that we can seize. At the same time weaknesses and threats are required also to be re-evaluated along with correction action plans. "Protech" Company was established in quarter 1 to introduce a new line of microcomputers into Asia, United States, Canada and Europe. Management team was established to perform different responsibilities. Please see annexure 1 for the vice presidents in charge of each function. The mission of Protech is to empower our clients to work effectively by innovation and building enhanced technologies tailored specifically to meet our customers' needs, with high realization gains to our shareholders and keeping in mind the community. Our target markets are smaller, high margin segment, i.e. Workhorse and Mercedes, in the largest and more expensive geographic markets. Its factory was built in the first quarter in Toronto and started with production capacity of 25 units per day. Two sales offices were established in the same quarter. One is an electronic web center and the other one was a brick-and-mortal sales office in New York. This city was chosen due to its relatively high potential demand compared with other cities based on our market research. Please see annexure 2 for 12 month potential demand in different cities. One of the most important decisions in 1st quarter was

Analysis of the case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of the case study - Essay Example The worlds greatest magnificence things association, its principle compactors incorporate Estee Lauder organizations Inc, Avon, Mary kay lnc, and Revion Inc. LOreal has powerful administration, it has both top managerial staff and administration advisory group, Jean-Paul Agon, is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. It has more than 72,600 workers around the world. Has 43 creation plant overall and 146 conveyance focuses. Fiscally LOreal is stable; it is exceeding expectations all inclusive in creating and showcasing nonessential, aromas and individual consideration items. It has operation in more than 130 nations. In 2013 it reported 5.93 billion euros deals. It works 42 assembling plants all through the world, which utilize 14,000 individuals LOreal has done well in terms of creating business improvement however contention is getting the chance to be more uncommon. For representation, Està ©e Lauder and Coty are both concentrating on China. Creating contention creating markets. At same time, creating markets, for example, China are probably chilling off. In any case, LOreal has the limit acknowledge absolutely new conceivable outcomes. LOreals weakest connection is their decentralized authoritative structure; it is greatly hard to control the organization on account of such a large number of subdivisions. Next, their overall revenue is altogether lower than of their rivals, (for example, Dior, Chanel, YSL, Lancà ´m Estee Lauder in quality, and Nivea, Revlon and Vichy all in all business sector brands). Additionally, they oftentimes host to depend on third gathering retailers, which does not issue them the opportunity to control their business one hundred every penn. Notwithstanding of their solid rivalry. L’Oreal does consistent statistical surveying .Also they publicize and advance items for particular target clients. Its advancement through skin care contraption Clarisonic displays its ability to meander outside broad thing orders to

Protech Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Protech Business Plan - Essay Example Please refer to annexure 4 for more details on the financial situation. Currently, Protech has 2 brands for different segments. The PC industry is at the stage where demand is expected to boom at an unprecedented rate. Market is very attractive because products are just being introduced. Furthermore, there are so many new technologies and the need for new PCs is always increasing. There are so many strengths that we need to leverage on, and so many opportunities that we can seize. At the same time weaknesses and threats are required also to be re-evaluated along with correction action plans. "Protech" Company was established in quarter 1 to introduce a new line of microcomputers into Asia, United States, Canada and Europe. Management team was established to perform different responsibilities. Please see annexure 1 for the vice presidents in charge of each function. The mission of Protech is to empower our clients to work effectively by innovation and building enhanced technologies tailored specifically to meet our customers' needs, with high realization gains to our shareholders and keeping in mind the community. Our target markets are smaller, high margin segment, i.e. Workhorse and Mercedes, in the largest and more expensive geographic markets. Its factory was built in the first quarter in Toronto and started with production capacity of 25 units per day. Two sales offices were established in the same quarter. One is an electronic web center and the other one was a brick-and-mortal sales office in New York. This city was chosen due to its relatively high potential demand compared with other cities based on our market research. Please see annexure 2 for 12 month potential demand in different cities. One of the most important decisions in 1st quarter was

Inclusion in the Classroom Essay Example for Free

Inclusion in the Classroom Essay Generally, when people describe the term inclusion they might use words like accepted, welcomed, valued, and togetherness. With word inclusion having the ability to generate these types of positive emotions, why wouldn’t one want to incorporate full-inclusion into the classroom? Its hard to see the potential pitfalls when looking at the developmental benefits from including students with more severe disabilities into the classroom, yet there are still concerns regarding inclusion. Parents of children with disabilities, parent of children without disabilities, and even general education teachers have voiced their opinion on why full-inclusion may not be the best solution for all disability students. Weather its the case of not being able to accommodate the student with the necessary amount of movement breaks throughout the day, or having the student feeling constant pressure to keep up with the rest of the class (Falcone, K. 2012). There is also the concern that keeping disability students away from a specialized educational setting is simply depriving them of an appropriate education, and that proper special education is individualized (Fuchs Fuchs, 1995). Parents with disabled children have even challenged the idea of Full-inclusion by saying that their child may be looked or treated differently, resulting in self-esteem issues and/or bullying. Like I stated before, including an individual is usually looked at as good thing. So when schools, and parents evaluate incorporating full-inclusion into the classroom, they usually get a laundry list ways it could benefit not only the child with the disability but everyone in the classroom. Many believe that including students with disabilities in both academic and non academic settings can strengthen them socially and strengthen the way the interact with non-disabled peers. This also brings up the argument that non-disabled students can deeply benefit from interacting with their peers of disabilities (Wehmeyer, 2003). Inclusion can build patience and understanding within a classroom, and at a young age show students how to be accepting of all people. Also including children with disabilities in a Gen. Ed classroom is likely to have little academic impact on the other students, but could even enhance the learning environment by adding more teachers in the classroom for extra help. The community can also benefit from inclusion. With an increase in peer interaction and social experience, students with disabilities will be able to gain the skills necessary to contribute to their community once their educational career is over. Personally, I believe not only children with server disabilities can greatly benefit from being included in the classroom, but everyone involved in the classroom can benefit from Inclusion. Theres a lot to be said for the schools pushing interaction between disability students and non disabled students. It gives the opportunity for children to grow morally, and develop a greater understanding of acceptance. We saw the affect Peter had on his classmates, and the tremendous social growth they gained over the coarse of the year. There are students like Peter in classrooms all around the country, that can offer a deeper understanding of life. It goes to show just because you might be different doesn’t mean you don’t belong. I think its truly important to incorporate inclusion into the classroom and that positives out weigh the negatives. With that said, I also believe that there are somethings the Gen Ed classroom cant accommodate for. Many students with disabilities rely on having that learning center or special ed classroom where they can go and get fully accommodated and proper one-on-on attention is absolutely crucial. Spending time with special ed instructors, with individualized lessons can be a lot more affective than keeping up with the pace of the Gen ed curriculum. My opinion from the beginning of the year hasn’t really changed. Coming into this class I knew that having students with disabilities incorporated with the day-to-day class time was important. Yet at the same time I knew how important the special education classes are and how helpful they can be for the academic progress of these students. My case study really proved that. My student needed that place to go when he felt lost or over whelmed. Full-inclusion would have been too much for him.

Global Food Production Challenges

Global Food Production Challenges Introduction It has been observed that In spite of the fact that the food production has increased almost twice in the last few decades, but there are people who are insecure of the food conditions and do not get enough nutritious food to eat (Wu et al. 2011). As per the world population data the people who do not get adequate nutritious food to eat has reached to the extent of 870 million in 2013 (FAO et al. 2013), also it has been stated that, by the end of 2050, food production globally has to increase by 70 to 100 percent so that the total world population can had nutritious food to eat. (Bruinsma, 2009; Parry and Hawkesford, 2010; Zhu et al., 2010) It is also necessary that preventive steps are to be taken so as to reduce the global warming and greenhouse effect and ozone depletion. Population History and growth As per the UN population prospects, the population of world is expected to grow by 34 percent from 6.8 billion to 9.1 billion in 2050, so this increase in the population is the main reason for increased demand of the food. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2007) It has also been noted that China and India, are the worlds most populated countries, both are bhaving more than 1 billion inhabitants; each has sustained once a year gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate over 10 years ago that is among the worlds highest — 9 percent for China and 7 percent for India. As per the National Defense Research Institute (2011) although the population of India is lesser than that of china, but at the present scenario population growth of India is 1.55 percent yearly more than double Chinas 0.66 percent. It has been estimated that by 2025, the total population of India will be equal to that of China thus making India most populous country in the world. Also it has been noted that the population of India will continue to increase till 2050, while the population of China is expected to peak at about 1.4 billion in 2026 and will de-grow after that . (Figure 1) Figure Total Population Sizes, China and India, 2000–2035 ( http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9598/index1.html ). Global Food systems Global food systems consist of production and supply of foods and its consumption.  Figure 2 describes the overview of this food system. On the basis of the national level, supply is basically a function of national production and imports minus exports. The difference between supply and consumption is the gap caused by losses in the food chain. Global food system Figure 2:  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666310005118 Global food Production In the year 1961, FAO gave information on the annual market supply to all the countries in world, for the production of agricultural commodities. (Gerbens-Leenes, 2010). Global Food Consumption: Food consumption patterns are the repeated arrangements of consumption, characterized by types and quantities of food items and their combination in dishes and meals, (Gerbens-Leenes Nonverbal, 2010). Food consumption pattern is based on certain factors like availability, tradition, culture and income effects. Land degradation Land degradation is basically temporary or permanent decline in ecosystem function and productive capacity. It can be destruction or deterioration in health of terrestrial ecosystems, which affects the biodiversity, natural ecological processes and ecosystem resilience, it can also reduce the biological/economic productivity and complexity of croplands, pasture, woodland, forest, etc. This can result to numerous factors like anthropogenic (human-related) activities such as unsustainable land management practices and climatic variations. The accelerated degradation is normally linked with human alteration of the environment. Degradation process can be deforestation and desertification. There are different cause for the degradation of land and they are soil erosion by wind or water, natural conditions, topography, weather/climatic conditions, high intensity rainfall, natural hazards, unsustainable agricultural practices, habitat alteration. (http://www.cyen.org/innovaeditor/assets/Land degradation module.pdf) Land desertification Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems on a global scale. It is a biophysical edaphic, climatic and geographical feature of the region Ying zhong XIE, (2014). Desertification is basically the degradation of dry land ecosystems by variations in climate and human activities. Worldwide desertification has affected the life of millions of people who depend on the dry land ecosystem. It has been observed that the dry lands are because of the shortage of the water. Thus, desertification is one of the main environmental threat today and a barrier to basic human needs in dry lands. As per (Jason P, 2012) the pervasive but untested desertification redistribution is because of loss of grass cover, this can have global relevance for human-environmental systems which can be at risk due to current or potential desertification. Agriculture Disease Measurement of Disease and Its Effect on Yield Plant diseases are those that either kill the plant or reduce the ability of a plant to survive, produce flowers or fruit. They are caused by micro-organisms normally referred to as pathogens; which include fungi, bacteria and viruses, although it is very difficult to measure the severity of plant disease. There are certain diseases but major plants disease include in which the leaves are not shaped properly; the symptoms cannot be identified and they can be from a few isolated lesions to also collapsing of the entire plant. Moreover there is no relationship between measures of symptoms and the failure to reach achievable yields . Thus it has been observed that the measurement of yield is highly controversial. However, the relation of plant disease to yield is not be very clear and it will need some proper measurement. (annualreviews,2014) Global Water Crisis It has been noted that because of shortage of water supply there has been a decline in irrigation. Water is very important and is used for crop cultivation in all regions of the world.( Hanjara and Qureshi , 2010). There has been seen an increased competition for water resources among all the sectors, regions and countries. Moreover 40% of the populations in the world live in regions that directly compete for water resources. Water is very important for irrigation, drinking and for other things thus water is very important. A major concern to maintaining future water supplies is the continuing over-draft of surface and groundwater resources. As a result, there is decline in available surface water and groundwater for irrigation. It has been observed that climatic change has an impact on the global food security and change in water and food supply. Moreover this change in the Climate can affect the production of agriculture and food security by altering the distribution of rainfall, and also the availability of water, land, capital, biodiversity and terrestrial resources. Furthermore, this change in the climate will also have an adverse impact on food and crop productivity, which can affect food security ( Hanjara and Qureshi, 2010). It has also been seen that the global warming can increase yields which can be due to negative effect of fertilizer, by rising presence of carbon di oxide present in the atmosphere, but this can have a negative impact on poor countries. Greenhouse effect on Carbon dioxide An increased level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the main reason for increase in the global warming. As per certain studies at the Carnegie Institution for Science, in some regions more than a quarter of the warming result from increased carbon dioxide it is due to its direct impact on vegetation. Thus this increase in temperature and also an increase in the carbon dioxide levels have a heat-trapping greenhouse gas. For scientists trying to predict global climate change in the coming century, the study underscores the importance of including plants in their climate models. Plants during the photosynthesis take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, but they also have some other effects, like change in the rate of evaporation from the land surface. Thus the effect of carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas have been well known as pointed out by Caldeira. Moreover there is no doubt that carbon dioxide decreases evaporative cooling by plants and that this decreased cooling adds to gl obal warming. Greenhouse effect of higher temperature The greenhouse effect is basically when the short-wave solar radiation heats the surface of the Earth, and this energy is radiated back through the Earths atmosphere as heat, radiations of wavelengths 5-30 µm is absorbed by water vapourand carbon dioxide, which in turn radiate it, thus heating the atmosphere and land and ocean surface. This happens on its own and is natural and this is what is the reason that keeps the Earth habitable. Greenhouse keeps the average surface temperature would be about minus 18 °C, which is same as on the moon. There is a difference of some 33 °C substantially to natural levels of water vapour (60%, or more including clouds) and carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere. In respect to enhancing the greenhouse effect, the particular issue is focused in the 8-18 µm band where water vapour is a weak absorber of radiation and where the Earths thermal radiation is greatest. As methane is stronger greenhouse gas because it has more atoms in the molecule than CO2. The radioactive effect is caused by infrared absorption, and molecules with more atoms absorb more infrared energy. IR absorption is by the electrons that bond between atoms in a molecule and the way those atoms vibrate. Greenhouse effect to Climate variability This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ice cores and more recent direct measurements, provides evidence that atmospheric CO2has increased since the Industrial Revolution: (http://www.globalissues.org/article/233/climate-change-and-global-warming-introduction#TheclimatehasalwaysvariedinthepastHowisthisanydifferent) Increase in Pests And Disease As per a report in the journal Science in June 2002, it says that there is an alarming increase in diseases, this can be due to change in climate. Accordingly, it has been pointed out by authors that a â€Å"Climate change is disrupting natural ecosystems in a way that is making life better for infectious diseases.† Rising Sea Levels It has been proved that water expands on heating, and so sea levels are also expected to rise due to the global warming and greenhouse effect and the possible climatic change. Thus rising sea levels will also because of the polar caps as they are melting because of the global warming. This rising sea level is already having a negative effect on many small islands. The World Watch Institute has reported that the Earth’s ice cover is melting in more places and at higher rates. (March 6, 2000). This can also have an impact on many coastlines and small countries, and a large population of people of humanity lives near the coasts or by major rivers. (http://www.globalissues.org/article/233/climate-change-and-global-warming-) The relationship of Green house and Ozone Depletion The ozone layer is very important as it protects the environment from the harmful rays of the sunlight. Thus ozone shield is important as it forms a barrier and protects plant and animal life on land from the suns ultraviolet rays, which may cause skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to the immune system. Ozone layer depletion can also alter the DNA living creature on the earth. Thus ozone layer is very important for the life in the earth. Shindell, et. al. wrote inNature, that Greenhouse gases warm the Earths surface but cool the stratosphere radiative, and therefore affect ozone depletion. Moreover by the end of 2019, Shindell, et al. expects that the ozone layer may reduce by two-thirds in the Arctic poles. Not only this, the severity and duration of the ozone hole in the Antarctic are also likely to increase, this may be because of greenhouse-gas-induced stratospheric cooling over the coming decades. As reported by NASA researchers and also by European, Japanese, and Canadian scientists, there is a connection between global warming, a cooling stratosphere, and depletion of stratospheric ozone. The report also says that the ozone layer is having a stabilizing effect on the Antarctic poles, whereas ozone levels in the Arctic circle are still falling. Conclusion: As per (Bruinsma 2011), there has to be an increase in total global food production by at least 70 to 100 percent by the end of the year 2050. It’s only then we can adequately feed a global population of nine billion people at that time. It has been already seen that China and India, the worlds most populated nations, and both the country has more than 1 billion inhabitants; each has sustained once a year gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate over 10 years ago that is among the worlds highest 9 percent for China and 7 percent for India, moreover it has been estimated that by the year 2025, Indias total population will be equal to China’s population, thus making India the worlds most populated country. In the year 1961, the information available on the annual market supply for almost all countries in world and production of agricultural commodities. In the western world, agriculture, transport and protect food in the technological development at the end of the 19th ce ntury led to the expansion of the food industry and food preparation shifted from households to industry, so stimulating the nutrition transition. Worldwide it has been noted that water shortage reflects the per capita decline and also in irrigation for the production of food. Also because of the population increase and also increased pollution the Ozone layer is getting depleted and is causing global warming and which will be the major cause of plant and human disease. So it is needed that the pollution should be as low as possible. It is also needed in future that the global food production should be increased by adopting new and innovative and mechanized method for production and cultivation of the crop. References: Caribben Youth environment Network (NO) Land degradation [online].Bridgetown:Carribbean YEN [Accessed at 28 October 2014] . Available at:  http://www.cyen.org/innovaeditor/assets/Land degradation module.pdf >. Carnegie Institute. (2010) Carbon dioxides effects on plants increase global warming, study finds. [online] . Washington : Carnegie Institute .[Accessed 27 October 2014]. Available at:  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100503161435.htm> . Dongmei XU, Xinzhong XU, Yingzhong XIE, (2014), Dynamics of sandy desertification and detection of sandy and/steppe boundary: vegetation and soil properties, Polish journal of ecology, Vol 60, pp. 251–263. FAO,IFAD,WEF. (2013) The state of food insecurity in the world 2013 In: The Multiple Dimensions of Food Security [online]. Roma: FAO. [Accessed at 01November 2014]. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3434e/i3434e.pdf >. Gerbens-Leenes, P.W., Nonhebel, S. and Krol, M.S (2010) Food consumption patterns and economic growth. Increasing affluence and the use of natural resources. Appetite,54(3), pp.597-608. Global Issues (2013) Climate Change and Global Warming Introduction [online]. [Accessed 29 October 2014]. Available at:  http://www.globalissues.org/article/233/climate-change-and-global-warming-introduction#WhatistheGreenhouseEffect> . Hanjara, M.A. and Qureshi, M.E (2010) Global water crisis and future food security in an era of climate change. Food policy,35(5),pp . 365-377 . Idso, C.D.(2011) Estimates of Global Food Production in the Year 2050 Will We Produce Enough to Adequately Feed the World? [online]. Tempe:CO2 SCIENCE. [ Accessed at 28 October 2014 ]. Available at:  http://www.co2science.org/education/reports/foodsecurity/GlobalFoodProductionEstimates2050.pdf >. Jason P. Field, David D. Breshears, Jeffrey J. Whicker and Chris B. Zou (2012)Sediment capture by vegetation patches: Implications for desertification and increased resource redistribution, Journal of Geophysical Research: Bio geosciences, Vol 117, Issue G1, March 2012. Johansen, B . E. (NO) The relationship of Green house and Ozone Depletion  [online ].[Accessed 01 November 2014]. Available at:  http://www.ratical.org/ratville/ozoneDepletion.html > . National Defense Research Institute (NDRI) (2011) The Asian Giants are Heading Down Different Demographic Paths (China and India)[online] USA:(NDRI). [Accessed 25 October 2014]. Available at:  http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9598/index1.html > World Nuclear Association (2014) Climate Change – The Science London:  [Accessed 29 October 2014]. Available at: http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Energy-and-Environment/Climate-ChangeThe-Science/>. WU,Wen-bin., YU, Q., Peter ,V. H. , YOU, L.Z , YANG, P. and TANG,H. J . (2014) How Could Agricultural Land Systems Contribute to Raise Food Production Under Global Change? Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(7),pp.1432-1442.

Emporer Hadrian Of Rome :: essays research papers

By the time Hadrian's contributions to his country had succeeded, and death was near; he was the most hated man in Rome. However, throughout his reign, he was regarded as a noble leader. "The Roman emperor Hadrian exercised a profound organizational influence on the Greco-Roman world. He worked successfully toward the codification of Roman law and the strengthening of imperial border defenses (Eadie 8)." Emperor Hadrian made many important contributions to Roman culture, and he was also known as one of the greatest Roman emperors in history.Hadrian was born on January, 26 76 a.d. in Spain. In his youth, he developed a strong interest in Hellenic culture. This earned him his nickname "The Greekling." For example, "Hadrian was an admirer of Greek culture and under different circumstances, might well have devoted his full time to literature and philosophy rather than politics (Eadie 8 )." Hadrian was well-educated, and known throughout Rome as a military man. For instance, " He rose through the ranks as befitting of one of his position in life and became a well-respected general (Internet Hadrian 4)." Soon after, Hadrian was married to a thirteen year old girl named Sabina. Thirteen years of age was very young even in Roman terms of marriage. Hadrian became emperor in 117a.d. This occurred when Trajan, Hadrian's deceased father's cousin and guardian, made Hadrian his successor on his deathbed. "Certainly Hadrian's relationship with the Senate was not a good one(Coleman-Norton 674)." At the beginning of his reign, he put four former consuls to death for conspiracy. This created negative personal relations between Hadrian and the Senate; however, "Hadrian generally treated the Senate with the utmost respect(Coleman-Norton 674)." Throughout the years 120-133, he traveled eminsly. He visited Britain, Spain, eastern provinces, and even Africa. Towns and cities vastly benefited from his journeys. Harbor installations, roads, and bridges were built. The size of Athens almost doubled, and many new cities, including Adrinople were founded by the emperor(Coleman-Norton)." " Hadrian's travels, which during his reign covered a period of more than twelve years, were the most extensive of any peacetime emperors in history(Coleman-Norton 673)." Hadrian cared about the welfare of his country and people. For example, "Hadrian was an able and tireless ruler. He issued laws protecting women, children, and slaves from mistreatment (Beers 112)." He also revised and reorganized the entire system of Roman laws. Hadrian greatly improved the East by building new roads, temples, theatres, and circuses.

The Element: Chlorine Essay -- essays research papers

The Element: Chlorine General Information We researched the chemical element known as chlorine. Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic weight of 35.453. It has a valence number of 3. The element has 3 energy levels. Chlorine exists as a greenish-yellow gas at normal temperatures and pressures. Chlorine is second in reactivity only to fluorine among the halogen elements. Chlorine is a nonmetal. It is estimated that 0.045% of the earth’s crust and 1.9% of sea water are chlorine. Chlorine combines with metals and nonmetals and organic materials to form hundreds of chlorine compounds. Chlorine is about 2.5 times as dense as air and moderately soluble in water, forming a pale yellowish green solution. Chlorine is so reactive that it never occurs free in nature. Chemical Properties Chlorine is in the halogen family, and like all the other halogen elements chlorine has a strong tendency to gain one electron and become a chloride ion. Chlorine readily reacts with metals to form chlorides, most of which are soluble in water. Chlorine also reacts directly with many nonmetals such as sulfur, phosphorus, and other halogens. Chlorine can support combustion; if a candle were to be thrown into a vessel of chlorine, it would continue to burn, releasing dense, black clouds of smoke, The chlorine combines with hydrogen of the paraffin, forming hydrogen chloride, and uncombined carbon is left in the form of soot. Soot is black residue from fuel. Chlorine replaces iodine and bromine from their salts. Dry chlorine is somewhat inert or not able to move, but moist chlorine unites directly with most of the elements. History Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Karl Scheele. Humphry Davy proved that chlorine was an element. Extensive production began 100 years later. During the 20th Century. The amount of Chlorine used was considered a measure of industrial growth. In, 1975 chlorine productions ranked seventh on the list of largest-volume chemicals produced in the United States. The importance of chlorine has changed as new uses have been added. In 1925 paper and pulp used over one- half . The chlorine made and chemical products only 10%. By the 1960’s paper and pulp use accounted for only 15-17% and the chemical uses increased to 75-80%. Peoples uses have contributed to the growth of large cities, and new textiles, plastics, paints, and miscellaneous uses have raise... ...h chlorine. At the iron cathode or negatively charged electrode, sodium ions are reduced to sodium metal, which reacts immediately with water to form sodium hydroxide. Another method of preparing chlorine is by the electrolysis of molten salt. This process is used specifically to produce sodium, and the chlorine is a commercial by product. When large quantities of waste hydrochloric and are available. Chlorine may be recovered by oxidation of the acid. This method has the advantage of converting great quantities of waste acid to useful substances. No matter what process is used to prepare chlorine, the gas must be well dried. Dry chlorine is much less corrosive than moist chlorine gas. In the laboratory chlorine may be prepared by heating manganese oxide with hydrochloric acid. Conclusion In conclusion chlorine is a very wonderful element. Chlorine has hundreds of compounds. If we did not have these compounds we would not have clean water, we would have an insect problem, we could not make many important compounds that are used in medicine, and some of the battles in World War I might have been lost if it were not for chlorine. Our world would not be the same if not for chlorine.

Conducting Scholarly Research Essay

Conducting Scholarly Research The following tutorials and information are mandatory, though no assignment is required to be submitted. The skills developed in these tutorials will be used throughout the nursing program. Evaluating the resources you use One of the major challenges today, with the sheer amount of information available at your fingertips via the Web, is determining the reliability of the information presented. It can be quite difficult to determine the quality, authenticity, and authority of the information you encounter. However, there are a number of tools and skills at your disposal that help to determine if the information you find is trustworthy and of academic quality. Watch the Evaluating Websites tutorial to learn more about how to determine the quality of information found on the Web. Review the tutorial: â€Å"Evaluating Websites,† located at http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/evaluatingWebTutorial/vp02.swf What makes a resource scholarly? Throughout your courses at GCU you will be encouraged to use scholarly resources to support your assignments and discussion questions. But what is a scholarly source? Simply put, a scholarly source is a resource or research created, published, and or written by scholars and professionals in a specific discipline. In addition, a scholarly source should have undergone rigorous fact checking and peer review to ensure the research and information presented is of strong academic quality. The bulk of scholarly resources can be found in books and academic and/or professional journals. A large majority of these are research based. A scholar or professional may publish articles in other resources, such as in magazines, newspapers, and even Web sites and blogs. However, these sources do not go through the rigorous fact checking that is expected from scholarly journals. This rigorous fact checking is called peer review. When a scholar or professional submits their article to be published the journal will send the article to another expert in the field to review the work. The reviewer will look to see that the quality is high, the research sound, and the  conclusions in line with the work presented. If it is approved, it will then be published in the journal. This process gives students like you the added confidence in the resource being used. How to find Scholarly Research The Web is filled with information and resources. It is possible to find scholarly articles and research on the Web. However, most will ask that you pay a fee to read the article. The GCU library has subscribed to a number of the journals so that you do not need to pay to read the research. These journals and articles are contained in collections called Databases. Some are multidisciplinary, but most are specific to a subject area. For instance, in nursing, the strongest databases include CINAHL, OVID, and the ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source. These can be found on the Nursing subject page in the GCU library. Watch the â€Å"GCU Library Walk Through Tutorial† to learn how to access the library and its vast resources. The â€Å"GCU Library Walk Through Tutorial† is located at http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/libraryWalkThrough/vp02.swf Watch the CINAHL Tutorial to learn more about how to specifically use this nursing specific database. Pay special attention to the section discussing subject headings. Learning to use tools like these will help you design effective search strategies and significantly reduce the time and frustration that comes with research. The CINAHL Tutorial is located at http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/CINAHLTutorial/vp02.swf The GCU library has a number of Librarians and staffed trained specifically to assist you with your research. Please contact them if you have questions or concerns with finding information. They can help walk you through the technical aspects of using a database and assist in developing search strategies that will enable you to find the information you need. Call them at 800.800.9776 ext. 6396641 or email them at using the form at http://library.gcu.edu/AskALibrarian Scholarly Writing Writing will be a large part of the work expected in this program. Scholarly writing can often be intimidating, but there are a number of resources GCU has provided to ease this strain and help you learn to write good scholarly papers. A key to scholarly writing is using evidence to support your arguments. The skills you learn as a researcher will aid you in your writing. The purpose of education is to build your knowledge and the purpose of academia is to contribute to and build the knowledge of the culture as a whole. By taking the research and writings of others and evaluating and adding it as essential pieces of your own research, you then move the knowledge of both yourself and the community to the next step. To enable this process, it is essential to cite where the information is found that is used in your papers. This is why scholars use citation styles, such as APA, to standardize how this is done and allow others to easily follow from where the information has come. This is, of course, in addition to the ethical reasons that argue that one should be acknowledged for the work that is done. Watch the tutorials below to learn more about scholarly writing and what resources are available to you. The Writing Center, located in the Student Success Center Writing in APA Tutorial http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/mediaElement/apa-6th-edition-tutorial/apa-6th-edition-tutorial-v1.1.html Plagiarism Tutorial http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/plagiarismVideo/vp02.swf LoudCloud Tutorial http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/studentWTCTutorial/vp02.swf The Writing Process Tutorial http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/writingProcessTutorial/vp02.swf The Center for Learning Advancement has a number of staff and tutors available to assist you in your academic writing. In addition they have a number of resources available at the click of a button. Find out more at

Goodner Brother Inc Essay

1. Key internal control objectives of Goodner’s Huntington Sales Office: a. Controls should be able to prevent and detect fraud. Authorization should be required for every sales transaction. Woody would not be able to sell returned tires from customers and consignees for his own benefits if all sales transactions needed prior management’s approval. b. Controls should aim at safeguarding physical assets. Sales Office should ensure that only certain authorized personnel could get access to the warehouse and at any time security should be enforced to minimize inventory shortages and shrinkages c. Controls should ensure the completeness and accuracy of accounting records. Woody would charge merchandise that he sold for his benefit to the accounts of large volume customers. Or in other words, Woody has altered the nature of the transactions by inflating the number of tires the customers actually ordered. 2. Key internal control weaknesses that were evident in the Huntington unit’s operations a. Strong reliance on the honesty and integrity of the employees they hired. The company recruited its personnel basing off references and recommendations; however this practice could not make up for the lack of a strong internal control system. b. Insufficient personnel. Its crew of 10 to 12 people had to staff its 14 sales outlets. Many of Goodner’s personnel had to take on double positions such as Goodner’s secretary who worked as both the receptionist and the bookkeeper. c. Unrestricted access to the accounting system by the unit’s sales manager and two sales representatives. This gave Woody a good opportunity to commit fraud. d. Lack of security for its tire inventory, which typically ranged from $300,000 to $700,000 per each sales outlet. 3. Control policies or procedures to alleviate the control weaknesses identified in question 2: a. Authorization of transactions: Management approval should be required on all transactions. Otherwise, the tire purchase request should be made by one individual and got approved by a different one. b. Segregation of duties: The secretary should not act as both the secretary and the receptionist. Report on returned items should be generated by one individual and then another individual should receive and put the returned items back to stock.

Maguindanao Massacre

1. The Maguindanao Massacre is the worst case of political feud in the history of the Philippines. It has brought questions on the system of governance of the Arroyo administration, nationally and internationally. Using the tools of analysis discussed in class, analyze the Maguindanao massacre using two (2) tools of analysis of your choice. Explain your answer comprehensively. (50 points) The Maguindanao massacre can be examined by using two tools of analysis discussed in class namely structural and class analysis. The Maguindanao massacre is not just a little killing of the greedy political clans. Through structural analysis, there is the EPC chart, meaning economic, political, and social, in which bigger problems in this case are needed to be tackled. The main root of this incident is the wickedness and hunger for power and money. Andal Ampatuan Sr. knows that he can be in power for a limited three-period only. Fear bothered his mind and for this reason he went to places and people to ask how to stay in the game politically. After going to Malacanang, he discovered that in order to remain in power, he has to hinder the upcoming elections from happening in Maguindanao and not let the Mangudadatus take control of their power, he will do anything to keep their name known and on top, which entered his mind â€Å"Martial law — a condition when no election can be held in the province†. Comprehensively considering the facts and articles that I have read and researched, the Ampatuans indeed were very strategic in setting up this perfect plot, but they left a certain hole in their plan. They were going to kill and secretly bury the Mangudadatus to be reported as missing and the Abu Sayyaf would be the ones to blame, leaving out the thought of Mangudadatu asking for the help of the media, including 30 journalists, which led their brilliant execution to epic failure. It was the Ampatuans who ordered the act and planned the act, but the idea came from a certain person of the president in Malacanang. Second tool of analysis is the class analysis, which consists of the GBM procedure – government, business, and masses. For the government, isn’t it quite odd that these army men take possession of prohibited and expensive armed weapons? Only the government can allow and give permission for these weapons to be used or to be let loose in the country. As we all know that Andal Ampatuan Jr. has strong connections and alliance with the president of the Philippines, Gloria Arroyo. The massacre that happened in Maguindanao terrorizes to block government efforts to draw the investors to create needed new jobs and improve lives in Mindanao. Another business as I analyze it, is the business consisting of the acquisition of guns and heavy firearms, which points back to and is closely related again to the government. For the masses, there are three separate groups that were included and were nadamay – firstly, the innocent victims (the journalists, women, and relatives); second, the Ampatuan clans who murdered those people, and lastly, the citizens of our country who were terrified, shocked and alarmed of the massacre that took place in Maguindano. With the deaths of at least 12 journalists in Monday’s massacre in Maguindanao, the Philippines has earned the dubious distinction as the world’s most dangerous place for journalists to work, according to an international media watchdog. †¦International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) said the country†¦ is the most dangerous place for journalists. The IFJ also scored the Arroyo government for allowing and failing to stop a ‘culture of impunit y’ directed towards journalists in recent years. Before the massacre, the New York-based monitor Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) ranked the Philippines as the fourth deadliest country for journalists in terms of reporters’ deaths for 2009. In recent years, the Philippines got as far as the second most dangerous place behind Iraq. †1 2. In relation to the Authentic Christian Humanism, explain how the perpetrators of the massacre promote or violate the framework we use in class. 10 points) First of all, killing is a sin, for that I can say that the perpetrators of the massacre violated one of the commandments of the sovereign God, for it is written in the Scripture â€Å"Thou shall not kill. † What they did in this incident is not humane; they only thought of power and nothing else, they were blinded by the wickedness of money and promoted material and worldly things for themselves. I cannot see any pleasant act in this massacre, what they did is exactly the opposite of being friendly to other human beings. In addition, they commanded private armies to kill innocent lives, for that they didn’t only kill, but because of power, they also risked and damaged the lives of other families. I can say that they violated almost the entire framework that was talked about in class and that the Ampatuans were full of themselves thinking that they can get away with something historical and ruthless as this. 3. The killings of journalists in the massacre had tainted democracy in the country. It is perceived that an increase of extra judicial killings in a country reflects how a society promotes democracy. In line with this, what do you think is the best approach to change this situation? Using the approaches to process of change, what do you think would best work for the country? (30points) For the country, I think the best approach will be the sustainable development, according to the lesson, it â€Å"meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987)†5 and also because this process of sustainable development focuses on 5 aspects namely economical, social, political, environmental, and cultural. I also think it will be effective because this process, according to the class's lesson, â€Å"The sustainable development balances the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future†, and our country is rich in natural resources, if we can only do this I’m sure our country will improve. 4. Among the characteristics of good governance, what do you think is the most essential characteristic our government should have in order to maintain democracy in the country? (10points) Among the 8 major characteristics of good governance, I am torn amongst accountable, transparent, equitable and inclusive, and the rule of law. In my opinion, there is no particular characteristic that can support and completely fill in the missing spot in which the government should have in order to maintain democracy in our country. We talked about good governance in class and our government certainly needs all of the characteristics to have proper democratic system in our country. But if I would weigh the most essential characteristic among them, I would choose accountable. Based on the class’s discussion, it depends upon who is accountable in making certain decisions or actions internally or externally in an institution. And I have learned that â€Å"Accountability cannot be enforced without transparency and the rule of law. † Under this characteristic of good governance, I can say that it is a three-in-one attribute that can help maintain democracy in the Philippines. 5. What is your personal stand on the issue? Give your personal recommendations for the resolution of the issue. (10 points) First of all, being in a government seat means that one is willing to serve the country, become a great example to everyone and to be the voice of the citizens of the country. The government official must be selfless, considerate and knowledgeable that through his service, he is giving back to his country and will whole-heartedly do what it takes to help develop the country’s economy and make the Philippines a better place. If one is blinded and ruled by wealth, power, and the material things of this world, then that person does not stand firm for his values and beliefs. Which brings me to the Ampatuans, in this situation; it is very obvious that it runs in the family and in their blood to be a part of politics, to rule and direct local politics. And the Ampatuans and the Mangudadatus have been political rivals since then. The government must act quickly and stop making this massacre issue fade away like they do in other cases. Ampatuan Jr. thought that by getting their master plan to happen, his problems would be solved. Violence never solves anything. Now that he’s in Manila jail, I hope that justice would be served as soon as possible. And for a lawyer like Fortun to accept his case, proves that money is all he is after and does not show any care for the lives and victims in the massacre. And because of the Maguindanao carnage, I began to be more alert and aware of my surroundings and I should know how and who to vote wisely. I will protect my right to vote, because I believe that my single vote can change the lives of the Filipino people and through that single vote, it can make a difference.Sources: Papa, Alcuin. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Philippines now seen as most dangerous place for journalists. reclaimthemedia. http://www.reclaimthemedia.org/journalistic_practice/ philippines_now_seen_most_dang2548.Najjiah.AsiaFinest.com.http://www.asiafinest.com/forum/lofiversion/index.php/t218089.html. Babel-Fish. Arroyo condemns Maguindanao incident. Nowpublic. http://www.nowpublic. com/world/arroyo-condemns-maguindanao-incident. Gabriel San Rafael. PHILIPPINES: Maguindanao Massacre Has Some Familiar Roots – Part 1. Ipsnew.org. http://www.ipsnews.org/news.asp?idnews=49518.